Opinion: We should support 'right to repair' laws farmers are seeking

The average Tesla-driving, iPhone-using suburbanite isn’t spending a lot of time worrying about tractor software payloads. They should, though.

Fixing a broken-down farm tractor used to take just a wrench set and some elbow grease. Now repairs might require a mobile-device interface, online diagnostic tools and secure software updates, too. And that stuff isn’t just sitting around in the barn. It’s mostly held at a shrinking number of manufacturer-authorized dealerships.

As a result, simple breakdowns that in the past might have been repaired in hours can now take days or weeks. During busy times, such as spring planting, long delays can harm a farm’s crops and profitability.

This spring, at least 11 states are trying to fix this problem, including Texas, Oklahoma and Colorado. Unfortunately, the list does not include New Mexico.

The solution, known as a right-to-repair law, guarantees that farmers and independent repair shops will have access to the same tools, software and manuals as “authorized” service centers.

The impact won’t be confined to farm equipment sheds. Devices ranging from smartphones to Teslas are often subject to similar repair restrictions, raising costs, inconvenience and waste well beyond farm country. Guaranteeing a farmer’s right to repair is an important step toward guaranteeing everyone’s right to a fix. For centuries, the American self-image was infused with self-sufficiency, and with good reason. When a prairie homesteader found a hole in his socks, he sewed it up. When the roof leaked, he mended it. There was no alternative.

That necessary, enterprising approach extended to farm equipment, which by World War II was becoming highly mechanized. Farmers who bought a tractor took it for granted that they could obtain the parts, tools and manuals needed to fix it themselves. And if they couldn’t, there was always a self-taught mechanic in town who could.

That fix-it-yourself culture in rural America eroded over the last 30 years. Today’s tractors are packed with technology, including GPS guidance systems, automation, emissions controls and luxury driver cabins outfitted with high-definition screens.

Farmers and independent repair professionals have the skills to switch out much of this technology on their own. But manufacturers often restrict the use of diagnostic equipment to authorized technicians, thereby effectively locking farmers out of the equipment they purchased. Even when a farmer can obtain and install a part, manufacturers will require software “payloads” and verifications that can only be authorized by the manufacturer, thereby forcing farmers to find and pay authorized technicians to complete what should have been a quick repair.

What makes this system particularly egregious is that manufacturers and the dealerships they rely on for sales have both consolidated sharply over the last several decades. In Montana, there are only three dealerships selling equipment made by John Deere, compared to around 30 just 20 years ago.

Over the years, both Apple Inc. and Tesla Inc. have been accused of restricting repair in much the same way as farm-implement manufacturers. They cite a range of reasons, from intellectual property concerns to the absurd suggestion that right to repair could inspire a wave of criminal hacking. More likely, both companies are simply defending highly profitable service businesses that unfairly harm consumers, small businesses and farmers.

Anyone who owns something that requires expensive maintenance, from a car to a dishwasher, benefits when government commits itself to opening up the repair market. In that sense, a farmer’s right to repair is everyone’s right.

— Adam Minter

Bloomberg Opinion